生物傳感器用于實時監測動物腦內神經化學物質的濃度變化。根據檢測物質不同，可用于（Glutamate），葡萄糖（glucose）,乳酸（ lactate） and 乙醇（ethanol）。配合數據采集器和軟件，用于可用于記錄清醒活動狀態下，動物中樞神經系統神經化學物質的濃度變化。通常用于行為學和生理活動研究，是藥物篩選和神經藥理學研究的理想工具。

Biosensors monitor real-time changes in neurochemical concentrations. With Pinnacle's turn-key electronic and software systems, users can record and analyze second-by-second concentration changes (not basal level) of CNS neurochemicals in freely moving animals . Biosensors are commonly used for in vivo monitoring during behavioral and physiological activities. They are also ideal for drug screening and investigating the neuropharmacological effects of different compounds. 

BIOSENSOR TYPES

Pinnacle offers glutamate,glucose,lactateand ethanol biosensors.
All biosensors sold by Pinnacle are for non-human use only.

BIOSENSOR DIAGRAM

Pinnacle biosensors function by the enzyme-mediated processing of the analyte of interest. This results in the production of hydrogen peroxide that is then detected by oxidation at a Pt-Ir electrode. Electroactive interferents present in the brain are excluded via a passive selective membrane and through active removal when necessary. 

CARBON FIBER SENSORS

CARBON FIBER SENSORS (CFSs) are used in conjunction with Pinnacle’s tethered and wireless potentiostats to measure the presence of total biogenic amines in the brain using fixed potential amperometry (FPA). They are also used with fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) systems. All Pinnacle CFSs require an Ag/AgCl reference electrode (7065). The sensors are 34 µm in diameter and 0.5 mm in length.

GUIDE CANNULAS

Pinnacle recommends the use of a guide cannula system for optimal results when implanting and recording from sensors in the brain of a freely moving animal. Biosensors are compatible with several guide cannula types. Single-barrel, tri-barrel, and BASi cannluas are available for rats; BASi cannulas are available for mice. Sensors with no cannulas are also available for purchase. 

BIOSENSOR CALIBRATION
In order to relate the current changes measured by a biosensor to actual changes in analyte concentration, it is necessary to calibrate the biosensor at the conclusion of an experiment. The process also confirms the integrity and selectivity of the sensors. Pinnacle offers a number of in vitro calibration systems that allow the simultaneous calibration of four to eight biosensors. Select the calibration kit that matches the hardware system and cannula type used in your experimental setup.

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